Firearm



C. C. LOOMIS May 9, 1933.

FIREARM Filed June 5, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet l May 9, 1933. c. c. I ooMls FIREARM Filed June 5, 1931 2 Sheets-Sh'eet 2 mm Nm, wm.

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Patented May 9, 1933 UNITED STATES' CRAWFORD c. Loomis, or ILIoN, New YORK, ASSIGNORITQVBEM'INGTON s COMPANY, INC., A coRPoRA'rIon 0F DELAWARE j FIREARM 'This invention relates to firearms of the bolt action repeating type.` Y

The object of the invention is to produce an improvedl and simplified receiver construction, fire control mechanism, and cartridge transferring mechanism.

With these and' other objects in view, the invention consists. in the novel constructions, combinations and y arrangements of parts, hereinafter more fully described, andillustrated in thedrawings, in which: Y Fig.- 1 is a fragmentary side elevation of so much of a lirearm'as is necessary to show the present invention. .-Fig. 2 is a fragmentary, substantially central longitudinal sectional elevation, the breech being-closed.

` Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation ofa part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2, the breech being open and the cartridge transferring means holding a cartridge in alignment with the chamber ready to be inserted therein on the closing movement of thebreech bolt.

Fig. 4 is a. plan -view of the bolt, receiver, and a short section of the barrel. Y

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the carrier withV a short section of magazine andbarrel, and a'fragment of the carrier operating device, showing the carrier in an intermedia-te position in its upward movement- Fig. 6 is a transverse section substantial- 1y on the line6`6 of Fig. 2. 1 Fig. 7 is a transverse section von the line 7-17 of Fig. 5, showing particularly the front end of the carrier.

Fig. 8Yis a transverse section onthe line 88`of Fig. 2.

Fig; 9 is a transverse section on the line 9-9 of Fig. a.

#.40 The firearm comprises a barrel 10 to which is secured, by -threading or other suitable connection, a receiver 1l.V The receiver is preferably formed of folded sheet metal, theupper part thereof being substantially cylindrical and adapted to receive a breech bolt 12 5 the cylinder, however, is not closed on the bottom, the sheet metal being turned downwardly to form a pair of spaced flanges 13 and 14, clearly shown in Figs. 8 and 9. 5.0 Said flanges are spaced and joined atv the lower rear corner by aspacer block 15 (Figs.

2 and 3) secured by suitable means such as rivets,rand are likewise spaced and joined at their forward ends'by a member 16 .which is elongated and cylindrically bored vand counter-bored to receive thekrearwardwend of a magazine tube 17. xSaid member 16 likewise comprises a downwardly extending lboss 18 into which is threaded a Atake-down Y screw 19 by which a stock 20 is detachably 60 secured to the barrel, magazine and receiverv assembly. V

The breech bolt consists essentially `of a. hollow cylindrical member, whichl hasbeen identified ,-by numeral 12.*;,Thezbore ofsaid Y hollow membery is closed at its forward.v end p except for a smallaperture through which the ringA pin passes, and a second aperture occupied by the ejector. A'boltghandle 21 is suitably mounted ,for rotation on the bolt V 12, the mounting means preferably comprising a ring 22 integral with or. rigidlysecured to the handle and fitting upon a rearward reduced diameter section 23 ofthe bolt 12. A sleeve 24 of substantiallythe same 75A outside diameter as the forward section of bolt 12 `is placed over .fthe rearwardl section 23 inthe rear ofthebolt `handle ring-.22 ,l Y'

Vand is secured in placeby` anfassembly pin 25. f. f ,-r N80 Bolt locking surfacesr are associated @with the bolthandle.'k These maylcom'priseja squared section. 211. of;v the handle shank,

adapted to be received in a transversely ex-l tending part 2,12 of the receiver slot trav versed by the bolt', and a'projection 221 (Fig. 8) on the ring.22 substantially op.-V posite the shank 211. Projection' or'lug 221 is receivedin an aperture 222 in the .receiver wall. Thus, a double b'olt lockV is provided. 90 The locking surfaces may =bef slightlyl in# clined-to.l give the bolt a slightl retracting movementas the handle moves to unlocked.

position. Y f Y The bore of the bolt 12 contains a striker 95 26 terminating at its forward end in a firing Pill 27and at its'rearward endina striker handle`28. Said -striker'is urged forward by a firing or main springr29 housed within a ybore in -the rearward part of thestriker transversely widened attheir forward ends to permit the striker tobe rotatedl within the bolt when in cocked position for the pur-` pose of rendering thel gun safe while cocked.

When ther striker is thus rotated, the stud 31, which projects into a bayonet slot 331m the bolt, is moved into the shortsection 34 of said slot, thus positively holding the strik er in cocked position.` When the striker is forward, and the bolt locked, the stud 31 occupiesarecess A341 yin the ybolt handle ring 22. As the boltvhandlev is lifted to unlock the boltjthe inclined edge of said recess cams the stud, and ywith it thef'striker, Aback to the Fig. 3 position. yMovement of the firing pin. against the shell head when the bolt'is unlocked isthus positively prevented. The striker is controlled by a trigger v3G pivoted at 37 between the ianges "13 and 14 of thedepending portion of the receiver'. Said trigger is provided with a nose 38, passing through a longitudinal slot in thel bolt12 to prevent rotation of the bolt, and adapted to engageeither a shoulder 39 or a shoulder 40von thefstrikern As shown-in Fig. 2, the nose or sear 3S engages the shoulder 39 hold- -ing the striker cocked lVhen the striker forwarchsaid sevar engages'the shoulder 40 for the'purpose of positively preventing the firing pin being driven'into contact with the head of ashellin the chamber by a blow upon the bolt handle. The trigger is urged to 'striker engaging position by a trigger spring` 41 housed in a wellV in the trigger and abutting a pilot 42the upper end o which rests against the filler block 15. Adjacent to andintegral with the sear 38 is a ledge 381 adapted to contact with the periphery of the forward' end of the bolt to-prevent abnormal upward movement of the sear by `trigger spring 41 when the bolt is retracted with/the striker cocked. i

Mounted in the forwardiend of the bolt 121s an extractor 43 of'conventional type. An ejector pin 44extends through a suitable bore in the lower part of the forward end of the bolt, being held therein by a retaining stud 45. As the bolt reaches the rearward'limit of its travel, the rear end of ejector pin 44 is engaged by the forward edge of the sear 38, thereby driving the pin forward and positively ejecting the shell, as shown in Fig. 3. v

Cartridges are stored in a column in the tubular magazine 17, and are urged rearwardly in said magazine by a. spring follower 46 and magazine spring 47. Upon leaving the rearward end of the tube 17, the

aforementioned bore in the member cartridges pass one at a time through the 16 (which for convenience will be considered as part of the magazine) into the receiver, and are transferred to the chamber by a carrier which may be constructed as follows:

. rl`he carrier body lmay be made from a single piece of metal, but consists essentially of two arms 49 vand 491, joined at their rearward ends by a block 50, at an intermediate point by ledge 51, and at their forward ends by shelf 52. Said carrier is pivoted at 37 between the flanges 13 and 14 and adapted to be rocked about its pivot to raise' and'lower i i its forward end by engagement of suitable surfaces thereon with vparts associated with the bolt and bolt handle; Figs. 2 and 6 show the bolt in forward position. The carrier has been depressed until its downward movement is stopped by the engagement of lugs f y161 ony the member 16in shouldered cut-outs 132 in the forward end'of the' carrier.y Fig.y f

3 shows the bolt fully Iretracted,'the carrier having been moved to its fully elevated po sition as the boltfapproached its rearmost' position by the engagement of the projection 221 on the bolt handlek ring .22 with the inclined upper surfaceof the carrier armcoiinecting block 50. As' thebolt moves forward, the carrier rheld elevated Auntil posiu tively ydepressed i in the manner hereinafter described by the engagement of the rim of the rearmost cartridge inthe niagazine'in a shallow. inclinedrecess 501 in the undersiileof the carrier. i i

rihc forward end of the `carrier comprises cartridge holding iiieans 'consisting in part of upwardly extending flanges or plates 53 and `54 (iFigL 7),` the upperparts of which may project toward each other, leaving a longitudinal slot of` less width than the diameter of a 'cartridgev shell. A cartridge released from the magazine moves into the recess between the lower parts ofplates 53 and 54- over a cartridge cut-oli' and latch member 55Mcarried on `a transverse pivot between plates 53 and 54; Thev section of said 'cart ridge cut-'olf member in the rear of its pivot is substantially `longer thanthe section forward of its pivot, and its rearward end is held elevated by a suitable sprin`g56.` IAs soon as the head of a cartridge movingoiit of the magazine onto said carrier cut-off member passes its pivot the member will be rocked, elevating its forward end to the position shown in Fig. 2 in which it serves as a stop or cut-off for the column of cartridges still in the magazine. i

It will `be apparentthat the construction of cartridge cut off member 55 illustrated will function properly with cartridges of varying length. Moreoveiy the forward end of the cartridge cut-off 55 isso inclined that its engagement by a cartridge in the magasine serves" to yieldingly hold the can `rier in .depressed position `(Figsi2). 'As the .forward end of the .carrier is elevated, the

cartridge cut-off moves 'upwardly beyond the magazine-'opening and cartridges are `heldin the lmagazineby the" end of thel carrier (Fig. rEhe rearward motion of a cartridge-@be- -tween plates 53 and 54.is stopped by thefengagement of the'head of said cartridgewith the .nose of a translatory member A57, which is slidably mounted ina suitable -groove or .forward upon the carrier.

"the r breechy bolt.

ithe Ichamber. .movement of the breech bolt, the carrier,

and with it the translator, is depressed'by 'recessin the"carrier;the mounting .means may'com-prise a transverse .pin 58 :and la slot 59m .the translator member. -henl there is a1cartridge 4in-"the carrier,` said'translator member occupies its rearmost position,

Vwith the -stud 58 engaging: the forward end ofv the'slot 59. vMovement vof ythe cartridge =in vthe carrier from the'fp'osition `shown in Fig. intothe chamber is performed'in .part lby moving the translator member 57 Thisv vmovement is effected by the engagement of a shoulder "60 on the translator with a shouldered notch 61 on the-underside of the forward vend of As thebolt moves forward, notch 61 engages fthe shoulder v60, y'sliding the translator member forward-on the carrier and starting rthe cartridge into In the fcontinued :forward the engagement of the :forwardend of the breech bolt with the inclined rearward ends 531 and 541 of .the cartridge holding plates "53 and54, after whichv the cartridge-is engaged directly by the breech bolt. As :the `bolt approaches itsforward position the handle ring lu-g 221 engages the. carrier lledge -51 to` complete the "downward'movement .of 'the carrier, and insure theengage- Yment of the. nose of latchV 55 Vbelow thevca'rtridge-invthe magazine. This latching f of the'c'arrier in depressed-or-normal position .is .desirable by lreason-of the fact y-thatthe 'rotation iof therbolt handle 21-to locked posi- VVtion:tendsftoelevate the projection i221 out ofengagement with ledge 51.

The operationrof' the firearm may be summarized as follows:

'The-arm being loaded and cocked, vas rshown in Fig. 2, it may be placed in a safe 'conditionffby drawingthe striker back slightlyv and rotating it to bringthe pin 31 opposite the short slot 34. V'When itis dey sired to jire, the striker must be again slightly retracted and rotatedto'bring 'thev pin-31 vopposite the slot With the arm in this condition, pressure upon the. trigger releases the sear 38 from the striker'i() Yand vthe vstriker is thereupon propelled forwardly by the' main spring 29-'causing the Vfiring .pin to strike the head of the cartridge, after which the striker is immediately'fretracted to disksaid carrier mounted onsa'id handle. v

engage. the firing pin'from thecartridge by therebound spring 35. I

The` breech maynow be unlocked by roltating thebolt handler 21to vdisengaged the squared shank 211" from the .recess 212 :land ithei lug 221'from the slot 222. When -thus unlocked, V.the bolt Lmay be retracted,` the extractor '43 'withdraw-ing the fired shell from .the chamber and the ejector'illf ejecting "thefired shell whenit engagesthe forward edge ofthe sear 38 as 'the boltlapproaches the end of its rearward movement. Thegcarfrier remains depressed by reason ofthe en- -gagement ofthe'forward end of latch 55 .with the rim ofthe rearmost cartridgezin :the magazine until the 'bolt nears' the end v`of its rearward movement, when the lug'22'1 engages' the inclined face 'of the carrier .block depressing'this'block and thus elej 4vating. theforward end 'of the carrierl to the F85 A'Fig. '3 position. The carrier is' yieldingly -l1eld-in"tliis position by the engagement of the under-cut 501'with the rim of the rear- -most cartridge in the magazine, cartridge in Athe carrier being aligned with the chamber.

Asthe breech bolt is moved forward,the shoulder `of l'translator member 57 engages the notch 61 on the breech bolt, and .the :translator :member is `moved forward upon the carrier until the inclines or cams 531 and 541'are engagedby the forwardend of the'breech bolt, "when the carrier is `de t being subsequently 'seated in the' chamber by the Ybreech f bolt. V proaches 'itsffor-ward position, the vlug 221 engages a ledge 51 on the carrier and for- "ward yfrom-:the carrier pivot, and completes fthe downward movement of the carrier. As

"the'latch or cartridge cut-off 55'moves past the magazine opening, the rearmost car- .-trid-gein the magazine `will'be propelled by the magazine spring overv this cut-ofi, rock ingthe `cut-offr` to engage 'the head of vthe second'cartridge'andfat the same time pro:

viding va :substantial resistancetouupward -movement 'of the carrier.

all falling withiny the scopeof the appended in combination, a reciprocating breech bolt 1n saidrecelver, an operating .handle for Ysaid breech bolt mounted for vrotation with respect thereto,'and'an operating device for" As the breech 'bolt apbolt operating 1 7pressed-by .this engagement, ythe cartridge Y 2. A firearm comprising a. receiver, a breech bolt reciprocable therein, and a strilrer mounted in said breech bolt; in combination, an operating handle for said breech bolt mounted for rotation with respect thereto, co-operating breech locking surfaces on said handle and said receiver respectively, and means for holding said breech bolt against rotation comprising a slot in said bolt communicating with said striker and a sear pivoted in said receiver and projecting into said slot.

3. ln a rearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, a receiver, and a breech bolt reciprocable in said receiver; in combination, a carrier in said receiver, means on said carrier adapted to hold a cartridge delivered from said magazine, an operating handle for said breech bolt, means mounted on said operating handle afflapted when the breech bolt is retracted by said operating handle to elevate thecartridge carrying portion of said carrier into alignment with the chamber, a sliding cartridge engaging element on said carrier, (fo-operating means on saidelerncnt and said breech bolt whereby said element is moved With respect to said carrier While said carrier is in elevated position to insert the cartridge on said carrier into said chamber. l

4i. ln a firearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, and a receiver; incombination, av carrier for receiving cartridges from said magazine and delivering them to said chamber pivoted in said receiver and comprising a cartridge retaining recess, a cartridge cutoff member pivoted in said recess and adapted to be ,actuated by the movement of a cartridge `from said magazine into said recess to prevent the movement of a second cartridge from said magazine, means for elevating said carrier to bring the cartridge in said recess into alignment with the cha1nber and said cartridge cut-off member out of alignment with said magazine, and means on `said `carrier adapted to retain cartridges in said magazine when said carrier is thus displaced.

5. `In a .firearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, and a receiver; a carrier in said receiver comprising a recess adapted to receive a cartridge from said magazine, a cartridge cut-oilE member adapted to be actuated by the movement of a cartridge from said maga-zine into said recess to prevent `the movement ofa second caitridge from said magazine, means for stopping the rearward movement of the cartridge in said recess comprising an element mounted on said carrier `for movement relative thereto, means for elevating said carrier to bring the cartridge in said recess into alignment with said chamber, a reciprocating breech bolt, means associated withV said breech bolt adapted to move said element to insert the cartridge in said `recess into said chamber While the carrier is held in elevated position, and means for subsequently depressing said carrier after said element `has reached the limit of its movement :with respect to said carrier, Y

6. In a firearm, a receiver of sheet metal comprising an upper substantially cylindrical bolt` receiving portion and substantially parallel spaced fianges .depending from said bolt receiving portion, means for spacing and joining said?` flanges comprising au apertured `block adapted to receive and support a tubular magazine and to furnish a communication from said magazine to said receiver. i

7. A firearm comprising a barrel, a magazine, and a receiver of sheet metal having a substantially cylindrical upper portion, and a lower portion comprising a pair of spaced flanges, a spacing bloclr secured to and between said flangcsand serving asa support 'for said` magazine, the upper surface of said spacing block yand the iforivardend of said sheet metal receiver foi-nung a continuous ring which is threaded to receive afthreaded extension of said barrel. Y

8. Ina firearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, a receiver, and a breech bolt mounted for-reciprocating movement in said receiver; a carrier for transferring cart ridges from said magazine to said chamber, an element slidably mounted on said carrier adapted to be engaged by a cartridge moved from said chamber onto said carrier, stop means for limiting the movement of `said element by said cartridge, an operating handleon said breech bolt, carrier actuating means mounted on said operating handle, and means associated with said breech bolt adapted to engage and move said element on `said carrier,` whereby the cartridge on said carrier is moved into said chamber.

. 9. In a firearm comprisinga chamber, a `magazine, receiver, and a breech .bolt mounted for reciprocating movement in said receiver; a pivoted` carrier for transferring cartridges from said magazine to said chamber, an element slidably mountedlon said carrier adapted to be engaged by a cartridge moved from `said chamber onto said carrier, stop means for limiting the movement of' said element `by said cartridge, an operating handle rotatably mounted on said breech bolt, a` bolt locking lug carried by said handle and adapted to engage and rock said carrier about its pivotto bring the cartridge thereon into alignment With said chamber, means associated With said breech bolt adapted to engage and move said clement on said Jier, whereby the` cartridge on said carrier is moved into said chamber, and means' for subsequently depressing said carrier.

A10. In a firearm comprising a chamber, a

magazine, a receiver, and a breech mechanism mounted for reciprocating movement in said receiver; a carrier for transferring cartridges from said magazine to said chamber and having a depressed cartridge receiv-V ing position and an elevated cartridge delivering position, means associated with said breech mechanism for moving said carrier, a cartridge cut-olf device adapted by co-o-peration With a cartridge in the magazine to yieldingly retain said carrier in cartridge receiving position, and means on said carrier adapted by co-operation With a cartridge in the magazine to yieldingly retain said carrier in cartridge delivering position.

11. In a'firearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, a receiver, and a breech mechanism mounted fork reciprocating movement in said receiver; a carrier for transferring cartridges from said magazine to said chamber and having a depressed cartridge receiving position and an elevated cartridge delivering position, means associated With said breech mechanism for moving said; carrier, a cartridge cut-off device pivoted on said carrier and adapted by co-operation with a cartridge in the magazine to yieldingly retain the carrierv in cartridge receiving position, and an inclined surface on said carrier adapted to be engaged by a. cartridge in the magazine thereby yieldingly holding the carrier in cartridge delivering position.

12. In a firearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, a receiver, and a breech bolt mounted for reciprocating movement in said receiver; in combination, a bolt operating handle comprising a hub surrounding said bolt, a bolt locking lug projecting from said hub and adapted to cooperate with said receiver to lock said bolt in breech closing position, a carrier for transferrin cartridges from said magazine to said c amber pivoted in said receiver and comprising an arm projecting rearwardly from its pivot, and surfaces on said carrier on opposite sides of its pivot adapted for engagement by said locking lug whereby said carrier is shifted both to cartridge receiving position and to cartridge delivering position.

13. In a rearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, a receiver, and a breech bolt mounted for reciprocating movement in said receiver; in combination, a bolt operating handle comprising a hub surrounding said bolt, a bolt locking lug projecting from said hub and adapted to cooperate with said receiver to lock said bolt in breech closing position, a carrier for transferring cartridges from Said magazine to said chamber, and means on said carrier adapted for engagement by said lug for actuating said carrier.

14. In a firearm comprising a chamber, a magazine, a receiver, and a breech bolt rier pivoted in said receiver and extending both, rearwardly and forwardly from its pivot, a single carrier actuating member associated With said breech bolt, and means on said carrier on opposite sides of its pivotV adapted for engagement by said single member .whereby said carrier is positively rocked in both directions about its pivot.

CRAWFORD C. LOOMIS.` 

